Reframe: An Augmented Reality Storyboarding Tool for Character-Driven Analysis of Security & Privacy Concerns.

While current augmented reality (AR) authoring tools lower the technical barrier for novice AR designers, they lack explicit guidance to consider potentially harmful aspects of AR with respect to security & privacy (S&P). To address potential threats in the earliest stages of AR design, we developed Reframe, a digital storyboarding tool for designers with no formal training to analyze S&P threats. We accomplish this through a frame-based authoring approach, which captures and enhances storyboard elements that are relevant for threat modeling, and character-driven analysis tools, which personify S&P threats from an underlying threat model to provide simple abstractions for novice AR designers. Based on evaluations with novice AR designers and S&P experts, we find that Reframe enables designers to analyze threats and propose mitigation techniques that experts consider good quality. We discuss how Reframe can facilitate collaboration between designers and S&P professionals and propose extensions to Reframe to incorporate additional threat models.