Damage evolution of 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites under the tension–compression fatigue loading based on multi damage information

•The tension–compression fatigue damage mechanisms of 3D woven composites.•A multi-information research method for fatigue damage of 3D woven composites.•A novel anti-buckling device which can be used with the measuring equipment.•The critical damage which causes rapid stiffness degradation and final failure.