Data encoding patterns for quantum computing

ABSTRACTQuantum computers have the potential to solve certain problems faster than classical computers. However, loading data into a quantum computer is not trivial. To load the data, it must be encoded in quantum bits (qubits). There are several ways how qubits can represent the data and, thus, multiple data encodings are possible. Both the data itself and the chosen encoding influence the runtime of the loading process. In the worst case, loading requires exponential time. This is critical because quantum algorithms that promise a speed-up assume that loading data can be done faster, in logarithmic or linear time. To outline abstract knowledge about encodings and the consequences of choosing a particular data encoding, we present three common encodings as patterns. Especially in complex domains like quantum computing, patterns can contribute to making this new technology and its broad potential accessible to users with different backgrounds. In particular, they facilitate the development of quantum applications for software developers.